Ureteroscopy
Standard flexible technique
- Perform cystoscopy, identify ureteral orifice
- Place wire, place 8/10Fr dilator or dual lumen sheath, then place 2nd wire (usually stiffer)
- Place sheath - bigger usually = better, and decide length based on patient height, gender (men need longer sheath due to urethra), and stone location (kidney vs ureter)
- Place ureteroscope via sheath, identify stone, fragment/dust, then basket residual fragments
- Inspect ureter on removal of ureteroscope + sheath
- Place stent under fluoroscopic guidance (see above)
Semirigid technique
- Place one, possibly two wires into ureteral orifice
- Place semirigid ureteroscope into ureteral orifice, find stone for dusting/fragmentation
- Tip: if accessing ureteral orifice is difficult, can place ureteroscope over a wire (train-tracking) or flip ureteroscope upside-down (angle of beak may access orifice easier)
- Tip: sometimes can irrigate and suction stones out of ureter without basketing
- Place stent under fluoroscopic guidance (see above)
Postoperative Management
Pain regimen
- NSAIDs: decreases prostaglandin-mediated ureteral inflammation, ibuprofen 400-600mg q6h, ketorolac 10-15mg q6h
- a-blockers: promotes ureteral relaxation, tamsulosin 0.4mg QHS
- Anticholinergics: prevents bladder spasms, oxybutynin 5mg TID PRN or 10mg XL daily, trospium 20mg BID or XL 60mg daily
- B3-agonists: alternative to anticholinergics, mirabegron 25-50mg daily
- Pyridium: decreases dysuria, 100mg TID PRN
- Stool softeners: prevents post-anesthesia and anticholinergic-mediated constipation