Nate's Awesomely Epic Guide to Fishes!

Welcome to Nate's...Guide to Fishes! Here you will find all sorts of interesting facts, information, and pictures about the denizens of the deep!

What's a fish?

This may seem like a simple question, but it's pretty complicated. Think of a fish! Tuna, Salmon, Pufferfish, doesn't matter, they're all fish! But go look in a mirror...and there's a fish staring back at you! That's right, you're a fish! Now I'm not saying you have gills and scales, but evolutionarily (and phylogenetically) you're considered a fish.

Let's imagine a phylogenetic (evolutionary) tree. (For an example of a simple tree, CLICK HERE). Phylogenetic trees describe relationships between groups of organisms, based on how similar the groups are to each other. Our tree has 3 animals: the a tuna (ray-finned fish), a coelacanth (lobe-finned fish), and YOU (a tetrapod)! There are 3 branches on this tree, with you and Mr. Coelacanth being more closely related (you have a more recent common ancestor) than either of you to Charlie Tuna. When scientists make these trees, they place organisms in groups that are MONOPHYLETIC. A monophyletic group is a group of organisms that includes a common ancestor, plus all of its descendents. Excluding a descendent or lineage forms a PARAPHYLETIC group, which is to be avoided at all costs. If we use this principle of monophyly, then we can form two groups: one including all tbree branches; the other, including only the coelacanth and ourselves. The first group is known as Osteichthyes (AKA bony fishes), and the second as Sarcopterygii (AKA lobe-finned fishes). However, if we were to group the tuna and the coelacanth together as "fishes" and exclude ourselves, this mean the group known as bony fishes is paraphyletic, and that's no good. To talk about fishes in the scientific sense, we must include ourselves in this group. Therefore, WE ARE FISH!

However, when I use the term fish on this site, I use it in the colloquial sense. Technically when scientists use paraphyletic terms, they should be in quotes (AKA "fishes"). My guide mentions only those organisms recognized as fishes by the average individual and excludes other organisms, such as turtles, birds, and even me or you. So the final answer is thus: a fish, in the non-phylogenetic sense, is an organism with a backbone, spends its life in water, and has fins, gills, and scales (of course there are exceptions to these "rules").

How many fish are there?

When I took my class on fishes at Cornell, it was estimated that there are about 30,000 species of fishes alive today. This can be compared to the number of vertebrates, which is approximately 60,000 species. This may seem like a lot (it is), but this does not even come close to the number of species of bacteria, fungi, or insects.

What's the difference between fish and fishes?

"Fish" is used when talking about one fish, such as the Barreleye. When we have a single Barreleye, we have a fish. When there are multiple Barreleyes (same species), we have multiple fish. When we have 1,000 Barreleye, and one Silverside, we have multiple fishes. See? Once multiple species are involved, we change from fish to fishes.

Why'd you make this website?

I've always had an interest in marine biology, especially fishes. My interest blossomed while at Cornell, where I did some fish phylogeny research on the evolution and development of the gasbladder. Although I will be pursuing a career in medicine instead of ichthyology, I want to find a way to show non-fish people how cool fishes are in an understandable, non-academic fashion. Every group of fishes has something fascinating to learn about and I want you to hear about it! If you leave this site thinking "wow, that's kind of cool," then my job is done.

How will this index work?

When you go to the index, you will find a list of fishes from class down to family. THe different levels of taxonomic classification are notated by differences in size and indentation. Clicking the links on the sidebar will take you to the different classes. Clicking on any of the black underlined links listed in the taxonomy will take you to a separate page, with more information about those specific groups. Extinct groups of fishes are also mentioned and notated in blue font.

Where is this information from? How do I know it's correct?

I haven't cited specific sources on each article, mostly because this is for fun and not a research paper. Regarding the classification, I used Nelson's 2006 edition of Fishes of the World. This provides the most comprehensive classification of all fish famillies, although more recent papers have made changes to the phylogenies. I have chosen to ignore some of the changes but used others depending on the day and my mood. For each entry, I used Nelson, Eschmeyer's Encyclopedia of Fishes, and The Diversity of Fishes, my class's textbook (plus liberal referencing of Wikipedia..sorry). I mentioned any relevant or pertinent sources that might be interesting.

The NateChertack.com Official Fish Index

Myxini

Myxiniformes(Hyperotreti): Hagfishes

Myxinidae: Hagfishes

Petromyzontida

Petromyzontiformes(Hyperoartii): Lampreys

Petromyzontidae: Northern Lampreys

Geotriidae: Southern Lampreys

Mordaciidae: Southern Topeyed Lampreys

Conodonta

Pteraspidomorphi (Diplorhina)

Astraspida

Astraspidiformes

Arandaspida

Arandaspidiformes

Heterostraci

Cyathaspidiformes

Pteraspidiformes

Anaspida

Anaspidiformes (Birkeniae)

Thelodonti

Loganelliiformes

Shieliiformes

Phlebolepidiformes

Thelodontiformes (Coelolepidiformes)

Furcacaudiformes

Cephalaspidomorphi

Cephalaspidiformes (Osteostraci)

Galeaspidiformes

Pituriaspidiformes (Pituriaspida)

Placodermi

Acanthothoraciformes

Rhenaniformes

Antiarchiformes (Antiarchs)

Petalichthyiformes

Ptyctodontiformes

Arthrodiriformes (Arthrodires)

Chondrichthyes: Cartilagenous Fishes

Holocephali

Paraselachimorpha

Orodontiformes

Petalodontiformes

Helodontiformes

Iniopterygiformes

Debeeriiformes

Eugeneodontiformes

Holocephalimorpha

Psammodontiformes

Copodontiformes

Squalorajiformes

Chondrenchelyiformes

Menaspiformes

Cochliodontiformes

Chimaeriformes: Chimaeras

Callorhinchidae (Callorhynchidae): Plownose Chimaeras

Rhinochimaeridae: Longnose Chimaeras

Chimaeridae: Shortnose Chimaeras, Ratfishes

Elasmobranchii

Cladoselachiformes

Xenacanthiformes

Ctenacanthiformes

Hybodontiformes

Selachii (Selachimorpha, Pleurotremata): Sharks

Galeomorphi

Heterodontiformes: Bullhead Sharks

Heterodontidae: Bullhead Sharks

Orectolobiformes: Carpet Sharks

Parascylliidae: Collared Carpet Sharks

Brachaeluridae: Blind Sharks

Orectolobidae: Wobbegongs

Hemiscylliidae: Bamboo Sharks

Stegostomatidae: Zebra Sharks

Ginglymostomatidae: Nurse Sharks

Rhincodontidae (Rhiniodontidae): Whale Sharks

Lamniformes: Mackerel Sharks

Odontaspididae: Sand Tiger Sharks

Mitsukurinidae: Goblin Sharks

Pseudocarchariidae: Crocodile Sharks

Megachasmidae: Megamouth Sharks

Alopiidae: Thresher Sharks

Cetorhinidae: Basking Sharks

Lamnidae: Mackerel Sharks

Carcharhiniformes: Ground Sharks

Scyliorhinidae: Cat Sharks

Proscylliidae: Finback Cat Sharks

Pseudotriakidae: False Cat Sharks

Leptochariidae: Barbeled Hound Sharks

Triakidae: Hound Sharks

Hemigaleidae: Weasel Sharks

Carcharhinidae: Requiem Sharks

Sphyrnidae: Hammerhead Sharks

Squalomorphi

Hexanchiformes (Noidanoidei): Six-Gill Sharks

Chlamydoselachidae: Frill Sharks

Hexanchidae: Cow Sharks

Echinorhiniformes: Bramble Sharks

Echinorhinidae: Bramble Sharks

Squaliformes: Dogfish Sharks

Squalidae: Dogfish Sharks

Centrophoridae: Gulper Sharks

Etmopteridae: Lantern Sharks

Somniosidae: Sleeper Sharks

Oxynotidae: Rough Sharks

Dalatiidae: Kitefin Sharks

Protospinaciformes

Squatiniformes: Angel Sharks

Squatinidae: Angel Sharks

Pristiophoriformes: Saw Sharks

Pristiophoridae: Saw Sharks

Batoidea (Hypotremata): Rays

Torpediniformes: Electric Rays

Torpedinidae: Torpedo Electric Rays

Narcinidae: Numbfishes

Pristiformes: Sawfishes

Pristidae: Sawfishes

Rajiformes: Skates

Rhinidae: Bowmouth Guitarfishes

Rhynchobatidae: Wedgefishes

Rhinobatidae: Guitarfishes

Rajidae: Skates

Myliobatiformes: Stingrays

Platyrhinidae: Thornbacks

Zanobatidae: Panrays

Hexatrygonidae: Sixgill Stingrays

Plesiobatidae: Deepwater Stingrays

Urolophidae: Round Stingrays

Urotrygonidae: American Round Stingrays

Dasyatidae (Trygonidae): Whiptail Stingrays

Potamotrygonidae: River Stingrays

Gymnuridae: Butterfly Rays

Myliobatidae: Eagle Rays

Acanthodii

Climatiiformes

Acanthodiformes

Ischnacanthiformes

Actinopterygii: Ray-Finned Fishes

Cladistia

Polypteriformes (Brachiopterygii): Bichirs

Polypteridae: Bichirs

Chondrostei

Cheirolepidiformes

Palaeonisciformes

Tarrasiiformes

Guildayichthyiformes

Phanerorhynchiformes

Saurichthyiformes

Ptycholepiformes

Pholidopleuriformes

Perleidiformes

Acipenseriformes: Sturgeons

Acipenseridae: Sturgeons

Polyodontidae: Paddlefishes

Neopterygii

Macrosemiiformes

Semionotiformes

Lepisosteiformes: Gars

Lepisosteidae: Gars

Pycnodontiformes

Amiiformes: Bowfins

Amiidae: Bowfins

Aspidorhynchiformes

Teleostei

Pholidophoriformes

Leptolepidiformes

Tselfatiiformes

Osteoglossomorpha

Ichthyodectiformes

Lycopteriformes

Hiodontiformes: Mooneyes

Hiodontidae: Mooneyes

Osteoglossiformes: Bonytongues

Osteoglossidae: Osteoglossids, Bonytongues

Notopteridae: Featherfin Knifefishes, Old World Knifefishes

Mormyridae: Elephantfishes

Gymnarchidae: Aba

Elopomorpha

Elopiformes: Tenpounders

Elopidae: Tenpounders, Ladyfishes

Megalopidae: Tarpons

Albuliformes: Bonefishes

Albuloidei

Albulidae: Bonefishes

Notacanthoidei (Lyopomi, Heteromi)

Halosauridae: Halosaurs

Notacanthidaae: Spiny Eels

Anguilliformes (Apodes): Eels

Anguilloidei

Anguillidae: Freshwater Eels

Heterenchelyidae: Mud Eels

Moringuidae: Spaghetti Eels

Muraenoidei

Chlopsidae (Xenocongridae): False Morays

Myrocongridae: Myroconger Eels

Muraenidae (Heteromyridae): Moray Eels

Congroidei

Synaphobranchidae: Cutthroat Eels

Ophichthidae: Snake Eels, Worm Eels

Colocongridae: Shorttail Eels

Derichthyidae: Longneck Eels

Muraenesocidae: Pike Congers

Nemichthyidae: Snipe Eels

Congridae: Conger Eels

Nettastomatidae: Duckbill Eels

Serrivomeridae: Sawtooth Eels

Saccopharyngiformes: Sackpharynx Eels

Cyematoidei

Cyematidae: Bobtail Snipe Eels

Saccopharyngoidei (Lyomeri)

Saccopharyngidae: Swallowers

Eurypharyngidae: Gulpers, Pelican Eels

Monognathidae: Onejaw Gulpers

Clupeomorpha

Ellimmichthyiformes

Clupeiformes: Herrings

Denticipitoidei

Denticipitidae: Denticle Herrings

Clupeoidei

Pristigasteridae: Longfin Herrings

Engraulidae (Engraulididae, Stolephoridae): Anchovies

Chirocentridae: Wolf Herrings

Clupeidae: Herrings, Shads, Sprats, Sardines, Pilchards, Menhadens

Ostariophysi

Anotophysi

Gonorynchiformes: Milkfishes

Chanoidei

Chanidae: Milkfishes

Gonorynchoidei

Gonorynchidae: Beaked Sandfishes

Kneroidei

Kneriidae: Knerias

Phractolaemidae: Snake Mudheads

Otophysi

Cypriniformes: Carps

Cyprinidae: Minnows, Carps

Psilorhynchidae: Mountain Carps

Gyrinocheilidae: Algae Eater

Catostomidae: Suckers

Cobitidae: Loaches

Balitoridae (Homalopteridae): River Loaches

Characiformes: Characins

Citharinoidei

Distichodontidae: Distichodontids

Citharinidae: Citharinids

Characoidei

Parodontidae: Parodontids

Curimatidae: Toothless Characiforms

Prochilodontidae: Flannel-Mouth Characiforms

Anostomidae: Toothed Headstanders

Chilodontidae: Headstanders

Crenuchidae: South American Darters

Hemiodontidae: Hemiodontids

Alestiidae (Alestidae): African Tetras

Gasteropelecidae: Freshwater Hatchetfishes

Characidae: Characins

Acestrorhynchidae: Acestrorhynchids

Cynodontidae: Cynodontids

Erythrinidae: Trahiras

Lebiasinidae: Pencil Fishes

Ctenoluciidae: Pike-Characids

Hepsetidae: African Pikes

Siluriformes (Nematognathi): Catfishes

Diplomystidae: Velvet Catfishes

Cetopsidae: Whalelike Catfishes

Amphiliidae: Loach Catfishes

Trichomycteridae (Pygidiidae): Pencil Catfishes, Parasitic Catfishes

Nematogenyidae: Mountain Catfishes

Callichthyidae: Callichthyid Armored Catfishes

Scoloplacidae: Spiny Dwarf Catfishes

Astroblepidae (Argidae): Climbing Catfishes

Loricariidae: Suckermouth Armored Catfishes

Amblycipitidae: Torrent Catfishes

Akysidae: Stream Catfishes

Sisoridae (Bagariidae): Sisorid Catfishes

Erethistidae: Erethistid Catfishes

Aspredinidae: Bango Catfishes

Pseudopimelodidae: Bumblebee Catfishes

Heptapteridae: Heptapterids

Cranoglanididae: Armorhead Catfishes

Ictaluridae (Ameiuridae): North American Catfishes

Mochokidae: Squeakers, Upside-Down Catfishes

Doradidae: Thorny Catfishes

Auchenipteridae: Driftwood Catfishes

Siluridae: Sheatfishes

Malapteruridae: Electric Catfishes

Auchenoglanididae: Auchenoglanidids

Chacidae: Squarehead, Angler, Frogmouth Catfishes

Plotosidae: Eeltail Catfishes

Clariidae: Airbreathing Catfishes

Heteropneustidae (Saccobranchidae): Airsac Catfishes

Austroglanididae: Austroglanidids

Claroteidae: Claroteids

Ariidae (Tachysuridae): Sea Catfishes

Schilbeidae (Schilbidae): Schilbeid Catfishes

Pangasiidae: Shark Catfishes

Bagridae: Bagrid Catfishes

Pimelodidae: Long-Whiskered Catfishes

Gymnotiformes: American Knifefishes

Gymnotoidei

Gymnotidae: Naked Knifefishes

Sternopygoidei

Rhamphichthyidae: Sand Knifefishes

Hypopomidae: Bluntnose Knifefishes

Sternopygidae: Glass Knifefishes

Apteronotidae: Ghost Knifefishes

Euteleostei

Protacanthopterygii

Argentiniformes: Marine Smelts

Argentinoidei

Argentinidae: Argentines, Herring Smelts

Opisthoproctidae: Barreleyes, Spookfishes

Microstomatidae: Pencilsmelts

Alepocephaloidei

Platytroctidae (Searsiidae): Tubeshoulders

Bathylaconidae: Bathylaconids

Alepocephalidae: Slickheads

Osmeriformes: Freshwater Smelts

Osmeridae: Smelts

Retropinnidae: New Zealand Smelts

Galaxiidae: Galaxiids

Salmoniformes: Trouts

Salmonidae: Salmonids

Esociformes (Haplomi, Esocae): Pikes

Esocidae: Pikes

Umbridae: Mudminnows

Neoteleostei

Stenopterygii

Stomiiformes (Stomiatiformes): Dragonfishes

Diplophidae

Gonostomatoidei

Gonostomatidae: Bristlemouths

Sternoptychidae: Marine Hatchetfishes

Phosichthyoidei

Phosichthyidae (Phtichthyidae): Lightfishes

Stomiidae: Barbeled Dragonfishes

Ateleopodomorpha

Ateleopodiformes: Jellynose Fishes

Ateleopodidae: Jellynose Fishes

Cyclosquamata

Aulopiformes: Lizardfishes

Synodontoidei

Paraulopidae: Cucumber Fishes

Aulopidae: Flagfins

Pseudotrichonotidae: Sandiving Lizardfishes

Synodontidae: Lizardfishes

Chlorophthalmoidei

Bathysauroididae: Bathysauroidids

Chlorophthalmidae: Greeneyes

Bathysauropsidae: Bathysauropsids

Notosudidae (Scopelosauridae): Waryfishes

Ipnopidae: Deepsea Tripod Fishes

Alepisauroidei

Scopelarchidae: Pearleyes

Evermannellidae: Sabertooth Fishes

Alepisauridae: Lancetfishes

Paralepididae: Barracudinas

Anotopteridae: Daggertooths

Giganturoidei

Bathysauridae: Deepsea Lizardfishes

Giganturidae: Telescopefishes

Scopelomorpha

Myctophiformes: Lanternfishes

Myctophidae: Lanternfishes

Neoscopelidae: Blackchins

Lampriomorpha

Lampriformes(Lampridiformes, Allotriognathi): Opahs

Veliferidae: Velifers

Lampridae (Lamprididae): Opahs

Stylephoridae: Tube-Eyes, Thread-Tails

Lophotidae: Crestfishes

Radiicephalidae: Tapertails

Trachipteridae: Ribbonfishes

Regalecidae: Oarfishes

Polymixiomorpha

Polymixiiformes: Beardfishes

Polymixiidae: Beardfishes

Ctenothrissiformes

Paracanthopterygii

Percopsiformes: Trout-Perches

Percopsidae: Trout-Perches

Aphredoderidae: Pirate Perch

Amblyopsidae: Cavefishes

Sphenocephaliformes

Gadiformes: Cods

Muraenolepididae: Eel Cods

Bregmacerotidae: Codlets

Euclichthyidae: Eucla Cod

Macrouridae (Coryphaenoididae): Grenadiers (Rattails)

Moridae: Deepsea Cods

Melanonidae: Pelagic Cods

Merlucciidae: Merluccid Hakes

Phycidae: Phycid Hakes

Gadidae: Cods

Ophidiiformes: Cusk-Eels

Ophidioidei

Carapidae: Pearlfishes

Ophidiidae: Cusk-Eels

Bythitoidei

Bythitidae: Viviparous Brotulas

Aphyonidae: Aphyonids

Parabrotulidae: False Brotulas

Pediculati

Batrachoidiformes: Toadfishes

Batrachoididae: Toadfishes

Lophiiformes: Anglerfishes

Lophioidei

Lophiidae: Goosefishes

Antennarioidei

Antennariidae: Frogfishes

Tetrabrachiidae: Tetrabranchiid Frogfishes

Lophichthyidae: Lophichthyid Frogfishes

Brachionichthyidae: Handfishes (Warty Anglers)

Ogcocephalioidei

Ogcocephalidae: Batfishes

Chaunacoidei: Coffinfishes, Sea Toads

Ceratoidei: Anglerfishes

Caulophrynidae: Fanfins

Neoceratiidae: Toothed Seadevils

Melanocetidae: Black Seadevils

Himantolophidae: Footballfishes

Diceratiidae: Double Anglers

Oneirodidae: Dreamers

Thaumatichthyidae: Wolftrap Anglers

Centrophrynidae: Deepsea Anglerfishes

Ceratiidae: Seadevils

Gigantactinidae: Whipnose Anglers

Linophrynidae: Leftvents

Acanthopterygii

Mugilomorpha

Mugiliformes: Mullets

Mugilidae: Mullets

Atherinomorpha

Atheriniformes: Silversides

Atherinopsidae: New World Silversides

Notocheiridae (Isonidae): Surf Sardines

Melanotaeniidae: Rainbowfishes, Blue Eyes

Atherionidae: Pricklenose Silversides

Phallostethidae: Tusked Silversides, Priapiumfishes

Atherinidae: Old World Silversides

Beloniformes: Needlefishes

Adrianichthyidae: Adrianichthyids

Exocoetidae: Flyingfishes

Hemiramphidae: Halfbeaks

Belonidae: Needlefishes

Scomberesocidae: Sauries

Cyprinodontiformes (Microcyprini): Killifishes

Aplocheilidae: Asian Rivulines

Nothobranchiidae: African Rivulines

Rivulidae: New World Rivulines

Profundulidae: Middle American Killifishes

Goodeidae: Goodeids

Fundulidae: Topminnows

Valenciidae: Valencia Toothcarps

Cyprinodontidae: Pupfishes

Anablepidae: Four-Eyed Fishes

Poeciliidae: Livebearers

Percomorpha

Stephanoberyciformes (Xenoberyces): Pricklefishes

Melamphaidae: Bigscale Fishes

Stephanoberycidae: Pricklefishes

Hispidoberycidae: Hispidoberycids

Gibberichthyidae: Gibberfishes

Rondeletiidae: Redmouth Whalefishes

Barbourisiidae: Red Whalefishes

Cetomimidae: Flabby Whalefishes

Beryciformes: Alfonso Squirrelfishes

Trachichthyoidei

Anoplogastridae: Fangtooths

Diretmidae: Spinyfins

Anomalopidae: Flashlight Fishes

Monocentridae (Monocentrididae): Pinecone Fishes

Trachichthyidae: Roughies

Berycoidei

Berycidae: Alfonsinos

Holocentroidei

Holocentridae: Squirrelfishes

Zeiformes: Dories

Cyttoidei

Cyttidae: Lookdown Dories

Zeioidei

Oreosomatidae: Oreos

Parazenidae: Smooth Dories

Zeniontidae (Zenionidae): Armoreye Dories

Grammicolepididae: Tinselfishes

Zeidae: Dories

Gasterosteiformes: Sticklebacks

Gasterosteoidei

Hypoptychidae: Sand Eel

Aulorhynchidae: Tubesnouts

Gasterosteidae: Sticklebacks

Indostomidae: Armored Sticklebacks

Syngnathoidei

Pegasidae: Seamoths

Solenostomidae: Ghost Pipefishes

Syngnathidae: Pipefishes, Seahorses

Aulostomidae: Trumpetfishes

Fistulariidae: Cornetfishes

Macroramphosidae: Snipefishes

Centriscidae: Shrimpfishes

Synbranchiformes: Swamp Eels

Synbranchoidei

Synbranchidae: Swamp Eels

Mastacembeloidei

Chaudhuriidae: Earthworm Eels

Mastacembelidae: Spiny Eels

Scorpaeniformes: Mail-Cheeked Fishes

Dactylopteroidei

Dactylopteridae (Cephalacanthidae): Flying Gurnards

Scorpaenoidei

Scorpaenidae: Scorpionfishes (Rockfishes)

Caracanthidae: Orbicular Velvetfishes

Aploactinidae: Velvetfishes

Pataecidae: Australian Prowfishes

Gnathanacanthidae: Red Velvetfishes

Congiopodidae: Racehorses (Pigfishes, Horsefishes)

Platycephaloidei

Triglidae: Searobins (Gunards)

Peristediidae: Armored Searobins

Bembridae: Deepwater Flatheads

Platycephalidae: Flatheads

Hoplichthyidae: Ghost Flatheads

Anoplopomatoidei

Anoplopomatidae: Sablefishes

Hexagrammoidei

Hexagrammidae: Greenlings

Normanichthyiodei

Normanichthyidae: Normanichthyids

Cottoidei

Rhamphocottidae: Grunt Sculpins

Ereuniidae: Deepwater Sculpins

Cottidae: Sculpins

Comephoridae: Baikal Oilfishes

Abyssocottidae: Deepwater Baikal Sculpins

Hemitripteridae: Searavens

Agonidae: Poachers

Psychrolutidae: Fathead Sculpins

Bathylutichthyidae: Antarctic Sculpins

Cyclopteridae: Lumpfishes (Lumpsuckers)

Liparidae (Liparididae): Snailfishes

Perciformes: Perches

Percoidei

Centropomidae: Snooks

Ambassidae (Chandidae): Asiatic Glassfishes

Latidae: Lates

Moronidae: Temperate Basses

Perchichthyidae: Temperate Perches

Perciliidae: Southern Basses

Acropomatidae: Lantern Bellies

Symphysanodontidae: Slopefishes

Polyprionidae: Wreckfishes

Serranidae: Sea Basses

Centrogeniidae: False Scorpionfishes

Ostracoberycidae: Ostracoberycids

Callanthiidae: Groppos

Pseudochromidae: Dottybacks

Grammatidae (Grammidae): Basslets

Plesiopidae: Roundheads

Notograptidae: Bearded Eelblennies

Opistognathidae: Jawfishes

Dinopercidae: Cavebasses

Banjosidae: Banjofishes

Centrarchidae: Sunfishes

Percidae: Perches

Priacanthidae: Bigeyes (Catalufas)

Apogonidae: Cardinalfishes

Epigonidae: Deepwater Cardinalfishes

Sillaginidae: Sillagos (Whitings, Smelt-Whitings)

Malacanthidae: Tilefishes

Lactariidae: False Trevallies

Dinolestidae: Long-Finned Pikes

Scombropidae: Gnomefishes

Pomatomidae: Bluefishes

Nematistiidae: Roosterfishes

Coryphaenidae: Dolphinfishes

Rachycentridae: Cobias

Echeneidae (Echeneididae): Remoras (Sharksuckers)

Carangidae: Jacks, Pompanos

Menidae: Moonfishes

Leiognathidae: Ponyfishes, Slimys, Slipmouths

Bramidae: Pomfrets

Caristiidae: Manefishes

Emmelichthyidae: Rovers

Lutjanidae: Snappers

Caesionidae: Fusiliers

Lobotidae: Tripletails

Gerreidae: Mojarras

Haemulidae (Pomadasyidae): Grunts

Nemipteridae: Threadfin Breams

Lethrinidae: Emperors, Emperor Breams

Sparidae: Porgies

Centracanthidae (Maenidae): Picarel Porgies

Polynemidae: Threadfins

Sciaenidae: Drums (Croakers)

Mullidae: Goatfishes

Pempheridae: Sweepers

Glaucosomatidae: Pearl Perches

Leptobramidae: Beachsalmon

Bathyclupeidae: Bathyclupeids

Monodactylidae: Moonfishes (Fingerfishes)

Toxotidae: Archerfishes

Arripidae: Australasian Salmon (Kahawai)

Dichistiidae (Coracinidae): Galjoen Fishes

Kyphosidae: Sea Chubs

Drepaneidae: Sicklefishes

Chaetodontidae: Butterflyfishes

Pomacanthidae: Angelfishes

Enoplosidae: Oldwives

Pentacerotidae: Armorheads

Nandidae: Asian Leaffishes

Polycentridae: Afro-American Leaffishes

Terapontidae (Teraponidae, Theraponidae): Grunters, Tigerperches

Kuhliidae: Flagtails

Oplegnathidae: Knifejaws

Cirrhitidae: Hawkfishes

Chironemidae: Kelpfishes

Aplodactylidae (Haplodactylidae): Marblefishes

Cheilodactylidae: Morwongs

Latridae: Trumpeters

Cepolidae: Bandfishes

Elassomatoidei

Elassomatidae (Elassomidae): Pygmy Sunfishes

Labroidei

Cichlidae: Cichlids

Embiotocidae: Surfperches

Pomacentridae: Damselfishes

Labridae: Wrasses

Odacidae: Cales

Scaridae (Callyodontidae): Parrotfishes

Zoarcoidei

Bathymasteridae: Ronquils

Zoarcidae: Eelpouts

Stichaeidae: Pricklebacks

Cryptacanthodidae: Wrymouths

Pholidae: Gunnels

Anarhichadidae: Wolffishes

Ptilichthyidae: Quillfishes

Zaproridae: Prowfishes

Scytalinidae: Graveldivers

Notothenioidei

Bovichtidae (Bovichthyidae): Temperate Icefishes

Pseudaphritidae: Catadromous Icefishes

Eleginopidae: Patagonian blennies

Nototheniidae: Cod Icefishes

Harpagiferidae: Spiny Plunderers

Artedidraconidae: Barbeled Plunderfishes

Bathydraconidae: Antarctic Dragonfishes

Channichthyidae (Chaenichthyidae): Crocodile Icefishes

Trachinoidei

Chiasmodontidae: Swallowers

Champsodontidae: Gapers

Trichodontidae: Sandfishes

Pinguipedidae: Sandperches

Cheimarrhichthyidae: New Zealand Torrentfishes

Trichonotidae: Sanddivers

Creediidae: Sandburrowers

Percophidae: Duckbills

Leptoscopidae: Southern Sandfishes

Ammodytidae: Sand Lances

Trachinidae: Weeverfishes

Uranoscopidae: Stargazers

Pholidichthyoidei

Phoidichthyidae: Convict Blenny

Blennioidei

Tripterygiidae: Triplefin Blennies

Dactyloscopidae: Sand Stargazers

Blenniidae: Combtooth Blennies

Clinidae: Kelp Blennies

Labrisomidae: Labrisomid Blennies

Chaenopsidae: Tube Blennies

Icosteoidei (Malacichthyes)

Icosteidae: Ragfishes

Gobiesocoidei (Xenopterygii)

Gobiesocidae: Clingfishes

Callionymoidei

Callionymidae: Dragonets

Draconettidae: Slope Dragonets

Gobioidei

Rhyacichthyidae: Loach Gobies

Odontobutidae: Freshwater Sleepers

Eleotridae (Eleotrididae): Sleepers

Xenisthmidae: Xenisthmids

Kraemeriidae: Sandfishes, Sand Gobies

Gobiidae: Gobies

Microdesmidae (Cerdalidae): Wormfishes

Ptereleotridae: Dartfishes

Schindleriidae: Infantfishes

Kurtoidei

Kurtidae: Nurseryfishes

Acanthuroidei

Ephippidae: Spadefishes

Scatophagidae: Scats

Siganidae: Rabbitfishes

Luvaridae: Louvar

Zanclidae: Moorish Idols

Acanthuridae: Surgeonfishes

Scombrolabracoidei

Scombrolabracidae: Longfin Escolars

Scombroidei

Sphyraenidae: Barracudas

Gempylidae: Snake Mackerals

Trichiuridae: Cutlassfishes

Scombridae: Mackerals, Tunas

Xiphiidae: Swordfishes

Istiophoridae: Billfishes

Stromateoidei

Amarsipidae: Amarsipas

Centrolophidae: Medusafishes

Nomeidae: Driftfishes

Ariommatidae: Ariommatids

Tetragonuridae: Squaretails

Stromateidae: Butterfishes

Anabantoidei

Anabantidae: Climbing Gouramis

Helostomatidae: Kissing Gouramies

Osphronemidae: Gouramies

Channoidei

Channidae: Snakeheads

Caproidei

Caproidae: Boarfishes

Pleuronectiformes (Heterosomata): Flatfishes

Psettodoidei

Psettodidae: Spiny Turbots

Pleuronectoidei

Citharidae: Largescale Flounders

Scophthalmidae: Turbots

Paralichthyidae: Sand Flounders

Pleuronectidae: Righteye Flounders

Bothidae: Lefteye Flounders

Achiropsettidae: Southern Flounders

Samaridae: Crested Flounders

Achiridae: American Soles

Soleidae: Soles

Cynoglossidae: Tonguefishes

Tetraodontiformes (Plectognathi): Plectognaths

Triacanthodoidei

Triacanthodidae: Spikefishes

Balistoidei

Triacanthidae: Triplespines

Balistidae: Triggerfishes

Monacanthidae: Filefishes

Ostraciidae (Ostraciontidae): Boxfishes (Cowfishes, Trunkfishes)

Tetraodontoidei

Triodontidae: Threetooth Puffers

Tetraodontidae: Puffers

Diodontidae: Porcupinefishes (Burrfishes)

Molidae: Molas

Sarcopterygii: Lobe-Finned Fishes, Tetrapods

Coelacanthamorpha (Actinistia)

Coelacanthiformes: Coelacanths

Latimeriidae: Gombessas, Coelacanths

Dipnotetrapodomorpha

Onychodontiformes (Struniiformes)

Porolepiformes (Holoptychiiformes)

Dipteriomorpha

Ceratodontimorpha

Ceratodontiformes: Living Lungfishes

Ceratodontoidei

Neoceratidae (Ceratodontidae): Australian Lungfishes

Lepidosirenoidei

Lepidosirenidae: South American Lungfishes

Protopteridae: African Lungfishes